Annual No.20 (2007)

特集：世界の現在をどう捉えるか　「マルチチュード論」を越えて
特集１：世界のいま
座談会「いまなぜパレスチナか」藤田進・小田原紀雄・鵜飼哲・松沢哲成・田浪亜央江・中野真紀子
シンポジウム「イスラエル、パレスチナ、レバノンからの問題提起」
報告１「ユダヤ国家批判としてのイスラエル労働運動」田浪亜央江
コメント「ユダヤ系の下層とアラブ系の下層の断絶」奥山眞知
報告２「イスラエル占領体制を挟撃するイスラーム民衆運動の今日」藤田進
コメント「コプト教会から見たパレスチナ人たち」村山盛忠
「開発学の終焉　パレスチナ支援という虚構」小田切拓
「グローバリゼーション、エコロジー資本主義、先住諸民族　チアパスのたたかいをとらえかえす視点の探求」崎山政毅

特集２：日本のいま
「二〇〇七年日本　荒涼たる風景の向こう側ヘ」菅孝行
「誰がフリーターになるのか？　フリーターの析出と社会的不平等の世代間再生産」妻木進吾
「寄せ場の『新たな』キリスト者たち　釜ヶ崎を中心に」白波瀬達也
「飯場生活における相互作用　飯場で暮らすとはどういうことか」渡辺拓也
「戦後釜ヶ崎の形成史を問い直す　港湾労働との連関から」原口剛

釜ヶ崎を歩く
「フィールドワーク『釜ヶ崎を実際に歩く』印象記」常木みや子
「水野阿修羅さんと歩いた大阪市西成区萩之茶屋２時間」川口奈央子

現場から
「『ホームレス特措法』の今は　大阪からの報告」小柳伸顕

ヨセバ・クリティーク
「〈帝国〉を『底辺から照射』する歴史学　松沢哲成『天皇帝国の軌跡』を読む」成澤光
「花岡事件は横浜裁判で何が裁かれ、何が裁かれなかったのか　『花岡事件横浜法廷記録』を読む」川上奈緒子
「『労務者渡世』から見た「ホームレス文化」　『現代思想』「ホームレス特集」を読む」水野阿修羅
「飯場の新しいスタイルか？会社起業か？　前橋靖『ぼく、路上系社長』を読む」水野阿修羅
「名古屋の拠点の歴史を知る資料　『自律と解放をめざして　笹島労働者会館二一周年記念誌』を読む」小柳伸顕
「アメリカのメディアを五つのフィルターで徹底して批判　チョムスキー、ハーマン「マニュファクチャリング・コンセント　マスメディアの政治経済学』を読む」中西昭雄

学会日録　2006.5～2007.4
編集後記

Table of Contents Yoseba Annual 20

Some thoughts and suggestions on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of the founding of the Japan Association for the Study of Yoseba
MATSUZAWA Tessei

This issue of the Yoseba Annual marks the twentieth anniversary of the founding of the Japan Association for the Study of Yoseba (Nihon Yoseba Gakkai). This is therefore a good opportunity to look back on what we have achieved and consider what we have yet to achieve. The yoseba, or open-air day-labor markets, that gave this association its name, such as Kamagasaki and San'ya, have now almost collapsed or have undergone rapid and drastic change. However, the social problems of poverty and deprivation that the yoseba symbolized have not gone away. On the contrary, they have spread through broader society, so that the proletarian day laborers who used to engage in life and death struggle in the yoseba now appear as the ancestors of a new generation of downtrodden workers. I therefore propose to sum up the study of the yoseba of yesteryear, along with the structure of domination that gave rise to it, and the various schools of thought and movement that struggled against that system, and seek to apply the fruits of those studies in order to better understand the situation today, and, still more importantly, tomorrow. I further propose that we join hands in further joint research projects on these important issues.

FEATURE: HOW TO GRASP CONTEMPORARY WORLD EVENTS: GOING BEYOND 'MULTITUDE THEORY'

PART 1: THE WORLD TODAY

Round Table on the Palestinian Problem

The current tragic events in Palestine are drawing the attention of the whole world. We look on in horror as the Israeli army of occupation confiscates land, destroys dwellings, blockades the economy, oppresses, imprisons, expels and slaughters the Palestinian people in an orgy of violence; while the anti-occupation forces led by Hamas appeal for ever greater violence against the Israeli state, including suicide bombings, killing and maiming both Israeli citizens and their own people. Meanwhile the internal divisions in the Palestinian movement become ever more apparent, with the relatively moderate Fatah party showing willingness to negotiate with Israel but being drawn into an ever more complex and brutal armed conflict with the anti-Israel Hamas party. Faced with this terrifying situation, what on earth are the questions we should be asking about Palestine here in Japan? This round table attempts to see past the superficialities of the present situation, and discuss the Palestinian problem from the distinctive JASY standpoint that seeks to observe the modern world from the perspective of those at the margins and at the bottom of society. Fujita Susumu's keynote address launches the discussion; the other participants are ODAWARA Norio, TANAMI Aoe, UKAI Satoshi, NAKANO Makiko and MATSUZAWA Tessei.

A Report on the Kamagasaki Symposium on 'Problems Arising from the Situation in Israel, Palestine and Lebanon'
* Presentation by TANAMI Aoe: 'The Israeli Labor Movement as a Critique of the Jewish State.'
This is a detailed report, based on a lengthy period of study in Israel, on workers and their movements both inside and outside Israel.
* Comment by OKUYAMA Machi: 'Dividing the Jewish lower class from the Arab lower class.'
The commentator is an Israel researcher and fluent speaker of Hebrew who has also conducted lengthy study in Israel. This commentary offers several alternative perspectives on the Israeli labor movement.
* Presentation by FUJITA Susumu: 'The present state of Islamic citizens' movements attacking the Israeli occupation from all sides.'
* Comment by MURAYAMA Moritada: 'The Palestinians as viewed from the Coptic church.'

The end of developmentalism: The great lie of aid for Palestine

ODAGIRI Hiromu

Armed with a highly detailed map prepared by the Dutch topographer and Palestine expert Jan de Jong, the author has recently been to Palestine and gives a detailed account of the very latest situation. I argue that aid to Palestine does not necessarily benefit the Palestinian people. In fact, I conclude that the massive injection of Japanese capital following then Prime Minister Koizumi's visit to the Middle East has served mainly to benefit the oil-related interests of Japanese big business.

Globalization, ecological capitalism, and indigenous people: in search of a perspective to revive the Chiapas struggle.
SAKIYAMA Masaki

As is well known, Negri and Hardt in their book Multitude (2004) point to the struggle of indigenous peasants in the Mexican province of Chiapas as a representative example of resistance to the international networks that have been turning into a global empire. As one who has been conducting research on Chiapas for many years, I beg to differ. I find in Negri and Hardt a kind of romantic utopianism that seeks instinctively for ideal situations across the sea, but is ultimately completely worthless. It is vital to be aware that along with many fine aspects to the Chiapas struggle that people around the world can learn much from, there are also many problematical aspects that cannot simply be applauded. Rather, I argue, it is important to engage in constructive mutual criticism on the basis of a full understanding of one's own position.

PART 2: JAPAN TODAY

Japan in 2007: Looking beyond the bleak landcape.
KAN Takayuki

Gazing in horror on the depressingly awful neo-liberal administrations of Koizumi and Abe, the author, an unashamed member of the 'old left' intelligentsia, raises an impassioned lament and a defiant war cry, calling for all-out opposition to the dominant ideology.

Who becomes a freeter? The production of freeters and the intergenerational reproduction of social inequality
TSUMAKI Shingo

This paper examines the phenomenon of 'freeters' ? 'free arbeiters,' i.e. young people working in insecure part-time jobs. The object of this paper is look at young people from relatively low social status groups, and inquire into what sort of families they are born into, how they came to be in the freeter situation, and to trace that process back to the families in which they were raised. The method employed is the writing of life histories for some 40 young people who have graduated from a certain public senior high school in Osaka which is known to have a high concentration of pupils from discriminated 'buraku' communities, and to generate a lot of freeters among its graduates. The author attempts to describe in some detail the conditions of these young people who have been excluded from mainstream society and also from mainstream social awareness. The picture that emerges is of a complex of interacting problems in the household that combine to send them out into the world of insecure employment. The big picture is one of class reproduction, as lower-class status is passed on from generation to generation.

Re-examining the history of post-war Kamagasaki's formation in relation to longshoring work
HARAGUCHI Takeshi

This paper is an attempt to re-examine the postwar history of Kamagasaki. Empirical analysis of the Osaka longshoring industry shows how day laborers were drawn into the structure of that industry in the 1950s and 1960s. The paper starts by looking at the structure of the longshoring industry, identifying the entrenched subcontracting system that grew up in response to powerful fluctuations in demand for labor as the key feature. I then seek to explain why the local employment exchange[s] failed to wipe out informal labor supply systems by looking at that failure in the context of the industry's structure. I describe the position of day laborers, as defined by the subcontracting system and discriminatory hiring practices. I go on to show how the principle of the Employment Exchange Act, which was designed to get rid of street-corner recruiters and labor camps, was in direct contradiction with the principles of the longshoring industry that necessitated these things. I conclude by showing how the net result of this conflict of principles was a concession in which the local authorities officially allowed the old informal recruitment processes to continue at the Kamagasaki yoseba as a special exception to government policy.

'New Christian' movements in the yoseba: focusing on Kamagasaki
SHIRAHASE Tatsuya

Any research on homeless people naturally has to consider the role of civil society groups who do voluntary work or conduct campaigns for homeless people's rights and welfare. Homeless/yoseba research to date has had plenty to say about the role of labor unions and support groups with political motivations, but very little about the role of Christian groups. The latter have generally been assumed to operate out of private concerns to make converts etc. However, the fact of the matter is that the most noticeable support for homeless people, especially since the problem became very noticeable in the latter 1990s, has come from Christian groups. In Kamagasaki, Christian activists have been working since the 1970s, mainly with a social welfare orientation that does not seek to proselytize. Since the late 1990s, however, there has been a noticeable increase in missionary activity that does seek converts among homeless people.
There is a fundamental difference between those Christian groups that do not proselytize and those that do in the way they view homeless people, and this is reflected in very different styles of support activity. This paper looks at the new wave of Christian activists that have emerged since the 1990s, compares them with longer-established Christian groups, and seeks to understand their recent flourishing by contrasting them with secular labor movements and homeless support movements.

Interactive factors in hanba life: What it is like to live in a labor camp
WATANABE Takuya

This paper looks at the living conditions of workers in hanba (labor camps). I identify three key characteristics of hanba life: (1) the overlapping of workplace interpersonal relations and living-place interpersonal relations; (2) the fluidity of interpersonal relations; and (3) the very poor quality of the living environment. In the hanba these three facts of life combine to maintain a constant state of tension in which one must always be extremely careful about relations with others. Because there is a rapid turnover of dwellers in the hanba, it is very difficult to establish solid, lasting relationships. Shared workplace experience is the main basis on which personal relations are formed. However, because the hanba system joins workplace to living place, such relationships are always under stress. Harsh working conditions combine with the difficulties of everyday life in the hanba to severely constrain the working and living choices made by hanba-dwelling workers.